What is inside a smartphone? and what are the parts present inside?(Inside a Smartphone)

At present there are about two billion smartphone consumers in the world. But, many of them do not know "what is inside a smartphone?". The smartphones are used to take good photos, selfies, record videos, record audios, used to watch movies, to listen to favorite music and they are used for browsing, social networking and as a reminder. Day by day, with the same hardware the usage is extended number of times as before. All the operations are performed using the hardware and software components present in the smartphone.

what is inside a smartphone?

Hardware Components:

The hardware components of smartphone consists of various parts. They are assembled in such a way to provide smooth operation. They are,

Processor
Camera
Mic
Sensors
RAM
ROM
Display
Speakers
Battery
Others

Processor:

The processor is the brain of the smartphone, which process all the information for the user. There are different types of processor namely single core, dual core, quad core, hexa core and octa core. As the number of cores in the processor increases the speed and performance of the smartphone also increases. When looking inside the smartphone, this is the main part for providing smooth performance. The processor mostly depends on the Operating System(i.e Android, IOS, Windows, etc) of the smartphone, because this only specifies, what action to be performed according to the user needs.

At present there are various smartphone processor(chipset) manufacturers namely Qualcomm, Samsung's Exynos, etc. There are separate processors available for processing Graphics and Baseband signals namely Graphics processor and Modem processor. Most of the processors are made using ARM architecture. The big.LITTLE technology from ARM is very useful for battery saving as the processor allocates small cores for little applications and high processing cores for graphical applications.

Camera:

Nowadays, the smartphone consists of two cameras namely the Primary Camera and the Secondary camera(Selfie Camera). This camera uses CMOS image sensor to capture light and then convert it to electric charge and processes it into electronic signals. When we press capture button(in camera application) in our smartphone, the scene is captured by the image sensor and this will be processed by the image signal processor(known as ISP) and after that it will be saved in the destination folder. In the same way the Video recording is done, but in this case Video encoder is used.

Storage Elements:

The storage elements inside the smartphones includes RAM and ROM. RAM is the Random Access Memory, which is used by the processor for instant data access. For example, if an application is opened in the smartphone and then after a while if the home button is pressed and another application is opened, the previously opened application is stored in the RAM. When we once again go to that previous application, it will show what we did before closing that application(previously opened application). The ROM is the Read Only Memory and it is used for storing various files like movies, games, music, apps, documents, etc. The storage of the device can also be extended by using the microSD card slot.

Display:

The display is the main part, in which user interacts with the smartphone. The size of the display various according to different smartphones. Nowadays, the smartphone's display comes with 4K resolution, Quad HD, Full HD resolution for flagship devices and HD resolution for mid-range devices. The brightness of the display varies with the type of display namely AMOLED, LCD, Retina display ,etc. The AMOLED display provides more vibrant colors and good details.

Sensors:

There are various types of sensors present in the smartphone. They are Light sensor, Proximity sensor, Gyro sensor, Hall Sensor, Heart Rate sensor, Finger Print Sensor, etc. The Light sensor is used to control the brightness of the screen automatically. The Proximity sensor is used to turn off the display when there is a presence of human ear(while voice calling). Both the light sensor and the proximity sensor present near the Earpiece speaker of the smartphone. Finger print sensor is used for security purpose and this is useful for detecting finger prints. Heart rate sensor is used measure the heart rate of the user.

Speakers:

There are two speakers present in the smartphone. One is the Earpiece speaker, which is used during voice calling and the other one is the Loud Speaker.

Battery:

The smartphone runs with the help of battery. There are different types of battery, which will vary according to different specification of the smartphone. There are four different types of battery technologies, they are Lithium Ion, Lithium Polymer, Nickel Cadmium, Nickel Metal Hydride and new lithium technology. The battery drain depends on the Processor and the Power Management Unit in the smartphone.